For life history, we considered variation in development time, as this trait differed between pairs of species (De Barro & Hart 2000; Zang et al. The mating behaviour parameters included the probability of copulation, the probability of initiating intra‐species courtships, and the offspring sex ratio of mated females (Table S3). Most whiteflies are uncommon because of natural controls, such as parasitic wasps and predaceous beetles, bugs, and lacewings. Mortality of whiteflies by natural enemies is particularly important in crops where feeding damage is the cause of losses, rather than virus transmission. These insects will then be used to devour whatever whiteflies are found.

Life History of Nephaspis oculatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Establishment of papaya banker plant system for parasitoid, Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphilidae) against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in … 2010). 2007; Crowder et al. All species of whiteflies affect a wide variety of plants. Loved the article! Whiteflies are capable of overwintering and reproducing throughout the year in warmer climates. Misra, C.S. One common species of whitefly is the silverleaf whitefly, which is slightly smaller and more yellow than other whiteflies.

Silverleaf whiteflies are especially common in southeastern states. Whiteflies are a major pest of greenhouse crops including tomatoes, cucumbers and many ornamental species, particularly poinsettia, gerbera, and a number of spring crops. Difficulties managing whiteflies with biological control in general may be exacerbated by difficulties achieving biological control of whiteflies on tomato in particular. Appl. Note that whiteflies seen on brassicas, Viburnum tinus, honeysuckle, evergreen azalea and rhododendron are other species of whitefly specific to those plants. Going naturally is the best way to combat pests, especially those infested plants will be used later for food. Many weed species are also hosts of whiteflies and often serve as sources of infestations. (1924) The citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri in India and its parasite, together with the life history of Aleurodes ricini, n.sp.

Homopteran - Homopteran - Natural history: Generally, homopterans are bisexual, with mating occurring prior to the production of eggs.


In cases where the whiteflies are vectors of virus diseases, control provided by natural enemies is generally … Another way homeowners can use to get rid of whiteflies is to introduce predatory insects to the plants. Glasshouse whitefly thrives in warm conditions, which is why it is not usually a problem on outdoor plants.

Differences in spatial distribution and life history parameters of two sympatric whiteflies, the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) and the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring), under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Report of Proceedings of Entomological Meetings at Pusa 1923, 129 – …
Adult whiteflies feed and lay eggs on the new growth of plants, so these areas need to be inspected first. However, individual life cycles vary in length and complexity. 2006; Wilson et al.

The life cycles of most homopterans are short. This insect is active all year round on houseplants and in greenhouses.

The few species that are pests occur primarily in greenhouses and outdoors in mild-winter areas. Can't be consuming chemicals. Metamorphosis is simple or gradual, with immature stages resembling adults except that the latter usually have wings.